Saturday, February 20, 2016

Planning for English Language Learners

            Although I do not yet know the grade level I will be teaching next year, I am likely to be an elementary school teacher. Because elementary school spans five years, I will assume that I will be a third grade teacher for the purposes of this assignment. I am not yet a teacher, so I have relatively little experience with lesson planning. I decided to talk with a few teachers and parents that I know to get an idea of what third graders are learning. One of the parents I spoke with told me about a unit in which the children are learning about the structure of a story (i.e. beginning, middle, and end). This seemed like a unit that I would enjoy teaching, so I decided to go with that.

            Next year, I will likely be teaching a unit on story structure to my third grade class. Each student will be required to write a short story with a distinct beginning, middle, and end and add some supplemental illustrations. Students will be evaluated on structure, creativity, and spelling/grammar.
            I have four ELL students in my class, each at a different stage of language acquisition. The five stages of language acquisition are as follows:
·      Stage 1: Preproduction – At this stage, students have a limited vocabulary of around 500 words or so. As the name implies, students at this level are not yet producing language on their own but rather parroting what they hear. At this stage, listening comprehension activities are very valuable to students.
·      Stage 2: Early Production – Students at this stage are just beginning to produce their own words rather than just repeating the words of others. They have a limited vocabulary of around 1000 words. Students can produce short, simple sentences. Using pictures to as aids is helpful at this stage.
·      Stage 3: Speech Emergence – At this stage, vocabulary expands to around 3000 words. Students begin to be able to do content-specific work with the aid of the teacher. At this stage, students begin to be able to string together short stories based on personal experiences.
·      Stage 4: Intermediate Fluency – Students at this stage are now able to speak in more complex sentences and may begin writing more. Their vocabulary spikes to 6000 words, and they should become more willing to talk in class because they are more confident in their language usage. It is important to note that written work will still have a large number of errors at this stage.
·      Stage 5: Advanced Fluency – It takes 4-10 years to reach this stage. At this point, students have near-native academic fluency. They will still need support in areas like social studies and writing, but they will likely no longer be in an ESL or other support program.
In my class, I have students at Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, and Stage 5. For this particular assignment, each of them will receive some sort of modified assignment, but each will still have the goal of understanding story structure.
My student at Stage 1, Antonia, just moved to the United States from Mexico. Other than saying hello to me when I say hello to her, she does not speak much if at all. She does actively listen in class, and she is able to comprehend some of what I am saying. For this assignment, instead of writing a story, Antonia is to draw a story with a beginning, middle, and end. Her finished product will look somewhat like a wordless comic strip. Because Antonia is in Stage 1, listening and understanding is already quite the task for her. If she is able to grasp the idea of beginning, middle, and end, I will be able to tell from her drawings. Antonia’s assignment will be evaluated on structure and creativity, but there will be no words, so spelling and grammar will not be part of the evaluation criteria.
      Roberto, another student of mine, is in Stage 2. I know little about his background, but I know he was born in Puerto Rico. For his assignment, Roberto will also be asked to draw a story in a comic strip-like fashion, but he will be asked to add some basic dialogue (e.g. Hello!, How are you?, etc). This will give Roberto a chance to practice some conversational English. Like Antonia, Roberto will be evaluated on structure and creativity. Despite having some words, Roberto will receive on praise and corrective feedback on his writing. It will have no effect on his evaluation.
            Amir, a boy whose family is originally from Egypt, has lived in the United States for most of his life, but his family speaks exclusively Arabic at home. He is in Stage 4 of language acquisition. For this assignment, Amir will draw a comic strip-like story, but instead of stopping there, he will summarize each box of the comic strip, telling the story both through pictures at words. Amir will be evaluated on structure and creativity, and he will receive praise and corrective feedback on his writing. Hopefully this assignment will make him feel more confident in his command of the English language.
            Finally, Nina is in Stage 5. Her family has lived in the United States for her entire life, but they speak Spanish at home. They are first generation Americans. Nina is nearly fluent in English, but she still needs some help with her grammar when it comes to writing. Her assignment will be the same as the original assignment, which is to write a story with a distinct beginning, middle, and end and include supplemental illustrations, but her evaluation criteria will be slightly different. Structure and creativity will be most heavily weighted, and spelling/grammar will be worth fewer points, but will still be evaluated. Nina will receive praise and corrective feedback on her grammar to help her continue to improve and become even more fluent.

            Each of these students will still be able to gain an understanding of the lesson’s content (i.e. story structure) and be active participants in class. These modified assignments will give the students confidence as they move forward. Antonia, Roberto, Amir, and Nina will each receive the help they need to understand their modified assignments in addition to praise and corrective feedback once their assignments are completed.

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